Introduction
The significance of articles promulgating a law is often overlooked, with attention being focused solely on its substantive provisions, deficiencies, allegations of unconstitutionality, encroachments on public rights and freedoms, or conflicts with the principles of Islamic Sharia—recognized as a primary source of legislation whose general rules must not be violated.
However, promulgation articles hold substantial importance, serving as the law’s equivalent of a birth certificate. Their issuance falls within the jurisdiction of the President of the Republic, who formally signs them into effect. This raises a legal debate regarding their nature: Are they legislative acts of the President or executive actions? Moreover, should these articles be regarded as integral parts of the law, supplementary to it, or entirely distinct?
